本节是对ansible一个收尾,在本节中,介绍一下ansible role的使用方法。
什么是ansible role?
回顾一下前几节,我介绍了ansible的架构,配置文件,常用模块,playbook,变量使用以及任务控制等。通常我在写playbook中也是包含了上面的多个任务。如果对他们进行按文件夹分类,是不是对后期的维护更有利。这时候就产生了ansible role。
官方定义:他可以根据已知的文件结构自动加载相关的变量、文件、任务、任务控制和其他ansible程序。将内容按角色分组。可以轻松地重复使用他们并与其他用户共享。
ansible role目录结构
role有他自己固定的目录结构,以及文件夹的名字也是固定的。参考以下示例:
我们可以用galaxy创建一个默认固定好的role目录
[root@ansible-01 role]# ansible-galaxy init nginx
- Role nginx was created successfully
[root@ansible-01 role]# tree
.
└── nginx
├── defaults
│ └── main.yml
├── files
├── handlers
│ └── main.yml
├── meta
│ └── main.yml
├── README.md
├── tasks
│ └── main.yml
├── templates
├── tests
│ ├── inventory
│ └── test.yml
└── vars
└── main.yml
9 directories, 8 files
这里默认会创建出9个文件夹,并不是每一个文件夹都需要用到,根据实际的需求在对应的文件夹里创建yaml文件就可以了。一些文件夹中有main.yml文件,这个文件是控制一个文件夹中的其他yaml文件用的,在编写完某个目录的yaml文件后,可以在main.yml中进行对本文件夹中其他的yaml文件的调用。我就根据上面创建出来的模板来写一个role
编写后的目录结构
[root@ansible-01 data]# tree
.
├── installnginx.yml
└── nginx
├── defaults
│ └── main.yml
├── files
├── handlers
│ └── main.yml
├── meta
│ └── main.yml
├── README.md
├── tasks
│ └── main.yml
├── templates
│ ├── index.html.j2
│ └── nginx.conf.j2
└── vars
└── main.yml
8 directories, 9 files
示例:安装配置并启动一个nginx。
[root@ansible-01 data]# cat installnginx.yml
- hosts: test
remote_user: root
gather_facts: true
roles:
- nginx
[root@ansible-01 nginx]# cat handlers/main.yml
---
- name: restart nginx server
service: name=nginx state=restarted
[root@ansible-01 nginx]# cat tasks/main.yml
---
- name: Install Nginx
yum: name=nginx state=present
- name: Copy nginx.conf file
template: src=nginx.conf.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
notify: restart nginx server
- name: Copy index.html file
template: src=index.html.j2 dest=/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
notify: restart nginx server
[root@ansible-01 nginx]# cat templates/index.html.j2
website: {{ ansible_default_ipv4.address }}.wenjiangun.com
[root@ansible-01 nginx]# cat templates/nginx.conf.j2
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes {{ ansible_processor_vcpus }};
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;
sendfile on;
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
keepalive_timeout 65;
types_hash_max_size 4096;
include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
# Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
# See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
# for more information.
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
server {
listen 80;
server_name _;
root /usr/share/nginx/html;
# Load configuration files for the default server block.
include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
error_page 404 /404.html;
location = /404.html {
}
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
}
}
# Settings for a TLS enabled server.
#
# server {
# listen 443 ssl http2;
# listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
# server_name _;
# root /usr/share/nginx/html;
#
# ssl_certificate "/etc/pki/nginx/server.crt";
# ssl_certificate_key "/etc/pki/nginx/private/server.key";
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 10m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
#
# # Load configuration files for the default server block.
# include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
#
# error_page 404 /404.html;
# location = /40x.html {
# }
#
# error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
# location = /50x.html {
# }
# }
}
部署role nginx
相关链接:ansible任务控制
https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/playbooks_reuse_roles.html
上一篇:(ansible任务控制语句使用方法)
https://www.wenjiangun.com/blog/1276/